00:00Hello there, welcome back to the Smart Student
00:02My name is Chelsea Siebern
00:05If it's the first time you're here, I'm happy you are here, and for everyone else, of course, I'm happy you were here too
00:08But just so you know what this video is about, we're going to talk about how to actually write literature reviews
00:13Full disclosure: this is a two-part video series, and this is video number two
00:21So, if you haven't checked out video number one, be sure to go do that, because video number one is all about making sure you have a full understanding of what a literature review is
00:30In that video, I uncover the common confusion that students seem to have with literature reviews, and I set the record straight there
00:37Now, in this video, we're going to..
00:39Apply our understanding to actually creating a literature review
00:44So, with that being said, let's go ahead and jump in
00:56Okay, so first things first—what is a literature review? Now, mind you, I'm not going to spend a lot of time on this portion of the video because I have a full other video dedicated to this, but for refresher's sake, what is a literature review? Simply put, a literature review is a synthesis of the current research that has been done on a topic, current and previous
01:16So, any information—any knowledge—that exists on a topic, a literature review would go out and find that information, aka literature, and then combine it together into a synthesis to create a new piece of literature on the current state of knowledge on that topic
01:34Now, real quick, because I find synthesis can be a foreign word to some students
01:38Synthesis is simply a combination, a compilation
01:41So, you'd be taking a bunch of little moving parts and putting them together into one new, solid piece of literature
01:48And now, the reason literature reviews are important is because they give you a summarized, bird's-eye view of a topic so that you know where to position your research later on
02:00It's as simple as that
02:02And so, if you're watching this video right now, I'm going to assume you're probably a student, and if you are a student, I'm also going to assume that a literature review is not your first academic writing assignment
02:12A literature review is not your first rodeo
02:15You've probably written loads of..
02:17Academic writing pieces previously, and the reason I bring this up is because I like to put it into perspective that the process of writing a literature review is very similar to academic writing
02:26However, the end result varies just a little bit
02:29For example, with traditional academic writing, you are demonstrating your knowledge on a current topic; with a literature review, you are demonstrating other people's knowledge on that topic
02:44It is important that you understand this as we get into the language, because if you watch that first video, the language is what I find confuses students the most, both in formatting and writing, because in order for your literature review to be written correctly, you need to use..
03:01Referring language, where you are constantly referring back to the sources that you found your material in, but now that we have that little bit of a refresher out of the way, we're going to jump into the actionable parts for the remainder of this video
03:14Just so you know what to expect, what I want to talk about is how you can structure your literature reviews, how you can organize your sources within your paper, and then we're going to do a full-blown tutorial on that referring language
03:26I always like to say right here from the start, something to keep in mind is that these strategies I’m going to give you are not a one-size-fits-all, so don’t feel like you have to pigeonhole yourself or box yourself into one of these
03:40Strategies, because more likely than not, you're going to apply a few of these, you're gonna mix and match a lot of the things that I'm about to give you
03:46But let's go ahead and start with how you can organize your sources, because this will come first, as the process of organizing your sources is something you should be doing simultaneously as you research for the literature review
03:54Okay, so let's break this thing down
04:01Like I just said, the first step in writing a literature review is doing your research
04:08And when you're doing your research, it is so important that, simultaneously, you're evaluating each source to determine why it matters to you and where it's going to fit into your research
04:21So, organizing is an..
04:23An important part of the first half of writing a literature review is understanding why each source matters
04:29Later, when you go to write your paper, you're going to have a really hard time combining all your sources together in a logical order that makes sense, flows, and has a purpose
04:40Keep in mind, this process usually takes the form of an annotated bibliography
04:47If you're not writing a formal annotated bibliography, there's a good chance you're writing an informal one anyway, because when you're researching for a literature review, you're going through many sources, reading numerous articles, and therefore it's likely you're writing summaries of what you find in each one
04:58My pro tip for you
05:09My best advice is to take this a step further and go ahead and write out the summary of what each source contains, and then at the bottom, include a sentence or two explaining exactly why it matters to your research
05:20In other words, literally put in there what the purpose of each summary is so you understand what I mean
05:24Let's get into five different options you could choose to categorize your sources
05:30By the way, if you need help with an annotated bibliography, check out this video right here, I got you covered
05:35But let's go ahead and start with the first one, and this one is the most common, most classic way that you could choose to categorize your sources, and that is through a problem-solution formatting
05:48With this, you have a topic, and that topic is rooted in a problem
05:51It is centered around an issue
05:55So, for example, let's say your topic is plastics polluting the ocean
05:57There's your problem
06:00You're going to go out and research a lot of different sources
06:02You're reading through all of these articles and writing out those summaries
06:08So, I'm going to pull up an example here
06:10Let's say these are three summaries for three sources that I found
06:13Mind you, yours will have a lot more, but here's an example with three
06:15The first one might be an article that demonstrates the problem, setting the background and providing your reader with context
06:23So, I'm literally going to include a sentence at the end that says this article..
06:29Demonstrates the problem, dot dot dot, and then go ahead and move to the second one
06:34Let's say this one is posing a solution
06:36This article suggests something that can be done to fix this problem
06:41Again, I'm going to write in there that that article provides a solution
06:45Now, let's say the last one is a story about the problem; it's an example of why it's a problem or evidence related to that problem
06:54Again, I'm going to categorize it based on that
06:56So, you have problem, solution, evidence
06:58When I go to write my literature review, it's very easy for me to determine the logical order and where to plug in each source
07:04Keep in mind, you're going to rearrange some of your wording, and some of your sources might be combined; some you might take material out of, obviously
07:12You're going to fix the formatting on the language, which we'll get into later, but that's an example
07:18Now let's go ahead and move on to the second way that you could categorize your sources, and that is for or against
07:22In other words, you're going to be categorizing your sources based on what side they stand on
07:30This is really good when you're writing an argumentative literature review or discussing a debatable topic
07:36Off the top of my head, any controversial topic you encounter is a great structure to categorize your sources
07:41So, let's change directions
07:46Let's say your new topic is about gun control; it would be very simple to categorize your sources based on sides that are for gun control and sides that are against it
07:52Against gun control, and then your paper would simply be demonstrating the different points of view, or maybe you'd be showing the point of view in which you reside
08:00Quite simple, right? Now, the next way you can categorize your sources is also very easy, and this is a question-answer structure
08:06In this example, you have a research question or an overarching question that you need to answer with your research
08:16Well, it would be very simple to categorize your sources: some that are demonstrating the question, setting the scene for the question, showing the question to the reader, and then the rest of your sources are developing the answer or answers you've come up with to that question
08:28And, by the way, academic writing that is— Based on a question, some of your easiest assignments will be because the research process is not too tough here, since when you're researching a question, you're simply looking for answers, which is a very natural way to find information about a topic
08:47Moving on to the next one, and this is compare and contrast
08:49This is most appropriate when you have a topic that has two distinct points within that topic
08:56It's very easy to compare and contrast them, show the pros and cons of one side and the pros and cons of the other side
09:03So, for example, let's take a very general topic: let's say you're writing a paper about the advantages and disadvantages of online classes versus campus classes
09:08I'm bringing this up
09:14Because I want to show you that with a comparing and contrasting paper, there's even more flexibility in how you structure your writing
09:20For example, you could structure this paper by listing all the pros and cons of online classes and then all the pros and cons of campus classes, or you could list out all the pros of online classes and campus classes, and then all the cons of online classes and campus classes
09:28That was a mouthful
09:35It's amazing how you think you know words until you're sitting in front of a camera, and then all of a sudden you don't know words anymore
09:43But anyway, let's move on because I have one more way that you can categorize your sources, and that is pros and cons
09:48So now you have a topic that is wrapped
09:51Alright, so let's say instead of researching or comparing and contrasting online classes versus campus classes, you're just researching the pros and cons of taking online classes
10:04Now you're going to weigh the good and the bad, or you're going to look at the advantages first, then the disadvantages
10:07That's exactly what you're going to be categorizing your sources in your annotated bibliography based on
10:14When you go to write your literature review, it's very easy to outline a paper that demonstrates all the pros and then all the cons, or even a pro versus con structure
10:24You get to choose how you structure that, but as you can see, once your sources are clearly categorized, it's easier to organize them later
10:29Now, up to this point, you've done your research, categorized all your sources, and now it's time to write that literature review
10:37You might be wondering, "Okay, how do I actually structure my paper?" So now I want to go over five different creative ways you could choose to structure your writing
10:46You may mix and match a few of these, but I just want to make you aware of the different approaches
10:53 Let's start with the first one: chronological
10:56This method involves showing your topic and its evolution over time
11:00For example, take plastics polluting the oceans
11:05You would organize your sources around the problem, solutions, and evidence, demonstrating how understanding has developed over time
11:08Categorized under that umbrella, and now you're going to demonstrate how they've evolved over time
11:15Does that make sense? This is a great strategy, especially if you're studying a field that moves quickly, like technology or medicine, where methods and information are constantly being updated
11:26Now, moving on to the next strategy you could use to structure your literature review, and that is by region
11:32This is one of my favorites because it's often one that's overlooked, but it's very creative
11:37So, for example, let's take our controversial topic of gun control
11:41You have all of your sources categorized on for and against evidence, examples, whatever, but now you could choose to put those into your paper and draw connections on
11:51Different locations, because a lot of times different locations have different opinions on topics, and so rather than showing the evolution of a concept over time, you're showing the different perspectives based on where they're located
12:04Right off the top of my head, my mind goes to current events—things that are currently being felt worldwide—or perhaps historical events, again events that were felt globally and impacted people on a global scale
12:16It's a very creative way to look at the different perspectives based on the countries they're from
12:22But now, let's go ahead and move on to another strategy, and that is to structure your paper based on the different methods that are associated with your topic
12:31In other words, what? There are different techniques, strategies, and processes that are used to collect data for research
12:38For example, let's say you're in social psychology; there are a lot of different techniques used to collect data, such as observation, trials, case studies, interviews—the list goes on
12:50An easy paper to write would be about these different methods
12:54Now, let me demonstrate what I mean: how you're going to mix and match a lot of these strategies
13:00Suppose you're writing a paper on the different methods being used in social psychology; within that, you could compare and contrast those sources or, perhaps, instead of comparing and contrasting the different methods being used, maybe you're..
13:13Showing the development of those methods chronologically over time, or even presenting those different methods based on the regions they are located in
13:22I only say this because I hope it gets those wheels turning to show you that you have options in mind, just how you can research the different methods associated with the topic
13:32You can switch that out for the different theories related to the topic as well
13:37But let's go ahead and move on to the last strategy you can use before we get into the example portion, and that is a thematic literature review
13:43This is probably the most common, or at least the most frequently used, because now you have a topic and you're going to look at it from every angle
13:53Around that topic, that's why it's called thematic, because you're writing based on a certain theme
13:59So here, you're taking a well-rounded, circular approach to your topic rather than looking at it chronologically, by region, or by method
14:07Now, you have all these angles, and no angle is off limits
14:11For example, let's say your topic is skin cancer and teens
14:14You can analyze the methods, the progression of it over time, the causes, and the treatments
14:20No angle is off limits here
14:22But now, guess what? It's time to write that literature review, and I get so excited here because, quite frankly, if you've done the first half correctly—research, organized categories, and thoughtful consideration of a logical structure for your paper—you're all set to proceed
14:35The literature review is the easy part; doing the actual writing should go by fairly quickly, but there is one speed bump, one hiccup if you will, and that is the language of the literature review, which I alluded to or shall we say referred to earlier, because you need to use referring language
14:52So, what I want to do now is I'm going to hop onto my laptop, pull up an example, and I'm going to walk you through referring language and how to use the voice and tone correctly so you can write your literature review
15:05Okay, come with me
15:06And here we are
15:08Welcome to the behind-the-scenes of my laptop
15:09I'm glad you're here, and I'm excited for the tutorial portion because this means we're going to get into the actual part of this video, so you understand what to do
15:18I'm about to do is I want to start with a short refresher on what transitions are in general academic writing because that's going to help you understand how to properly use referring language and what the purpose of it is
15:32So first things first, like I already said, if you're a student, you've probably written at least a few academic papers before
15:38And to correctly write an academic paper, you need to use transitions properly and appropriately
15:43The nutshell version of what a transition is, is that it's simply the thought bridges or thought links between your independent statements
15:54You can also use transitions in a sentence form, linking your paragraphs together
15:59But basically, transitions are much like monkeys in a barrel
16:03They are the glue that holds the entire chain of your writing together
16:07So, on the left-hand side of my screen here, is a chart that I made in a previous video
16:13I'll link this down in the description below in case you'd like to download and save it on your computer
16:17But if you'll notice, the transitions in this chart are categorized under eight different categories: addition, contradiction, comparison, order and sequence, and a few more
16:27These categories represent the relationship between the two statements that you're trying to connect, because that's what transitions boil down to
16:38Whether you're using a word, a phrase, or a full sentence, you need to understand what the relationship between those two things is
16:45Connect is, and so that's why, on the right-hand side of the screen, I have these three sentences pulled up just so we can go over a few, and then we can move on to referring language
16:55So, let's go ahead and start with the first one, and you know what, I actually want to delete the transition so you can read the two sentences without it because I think that's the easiest way to understand the importance of using a transition
17:07Okay, so, preliminary research supports the hypothesis
17:12The latest test results were not conclusive
17:14If you read that just like that, well, it didn't make sense
17:19Why? Well, because these two sentences contradict each other
17:23Now, that doesn't mean they don't belong in that order; it simply means you need to add in that
17:28Transition, because that's going to demonstrate to the reader that the second statement is contradicting the first one
17:33So, that's why, if you come over to this list, you could use however, you could use conversely, nevertheless, in spite of, any of these
17:40Honestly, they would probably work in this place, but let's say we like however
17:45The latest test results were not conclusive, so now, reading it, preliminary research supports the hypothesis
17:51However, the latest test results were not conclusive
17:53Now that flows in a logical order that makes sense to the reader, and that same principle is what applies to these other two examples here
18:02Now, with that little bit of a refresher on transitions, let's apply this to the referring language
18:08So, here's a..
18:10Few examples of what referring language might look like and what you need to keep in mind is that referring language takes the principles of transitions and the principles of in-text citations and basically combines the two together
18:23So, let's read through a few of these examples and see if you can hear what I mean by that
18:29In the article, Smith explains, because of this, Smith concludes, this chapter reviews, this article analyzes, this article demonstrates, as indicated by this study
18:43So, as you can see, this referring language is taking different transitions and then adding in what it's referring to
18:54Sometimes that's going to be the author's last name; sometimes you can refer to the article or the chapter or the… Study or maybe even the book where you found that information, but this right here is the type of language that you need to include in a literature review
19:07This is exactly why literature reviews feel unnatural to students, because this is the main difference between literature reviews and traditional academic writing
19:19But now, let's go ahead and work our way through actually writing that literature review
19:23So, first things first, as we've already discussed, you're going to have some form of an annotated bibliography
19:30Here's mine for this example
19:31Hang on, let me move myself up here and out of the way so you guys can see everything I'm doing
19:37Okay, so for this demonstration, here's my annotated bibliography, and yours is..
19:44Going to have more sources and more information than this, but just so you know, I'm going to be working with four examples
19:50What I've already done is categorize my sources so I know how to organize and structure my writing later
19:57Mine is going to be based on a problem-solution organizational structure
20:02So again, what that means is, this first source demonstrates a problem, the second one provides a solution to that problem, the third one is also another solution to that problem, and this fourth one is evidence related to my problem
20:20Something I'd like to quickly point out here is that evidence is not specific to problem and solution; evidence and examples fall into the same category, and they can be applied to any
20:29which way you choose to categorize your sources, so for example, if you're doing a cause-and-effect, well, there can still be examples to support that
20:36If you were doing any of the other ones I showed at the beginning of this video, the same stands true
20:42And so again, here's my annotated bibliography, and I do have one quick pro tip for you, and that is that if you'll notice, I've included the in-text citations in my annotations
20:54You don't technically have to do this when you're writing an annotated bibliography, but I do recommend doing it because that's just another step that's going to make writing your literature review that much easier
21:04Now, also, if you'll notice, the in-text citation is in the first sentence, and then the rest of the..
21:13Sentences don't necessarily include in-text citations or any of that referring language just yet because when you're writing summaries for an annotated bibliography, you're more than likely going to be following traditional principles of academic writing
21:25It's later, when you write the literature review and you're shaping your paragraphs, that you're going to be adding in those transitions and referring language because you have to first see how everything fits together before you can add those in
21:37But now, what you're going to do is open up your blank document, and if you're creating a standalone assignment, you'll create a title page for it
21:46If it's a part of a larger assignment, like a research paper, well, you would..
21:48I have already set up your document formatting
21:50For this example, here is my title page
21:52The formatting is set up
21:55The next step is to create an outline for your literature review
22:00If you want to note, my outline reflects the different categories of my sources
22:07It is easy for me to think about because I don't have too many
22:12As you can see, the best logical order for this paper is starting with an introduction demonstrating the problem, providing evidence for that problem, and then ending with solutions to that problem
22:23Of course, there will also be a conclusion to wrap up my paper
22:27Now, I just want to point out a couple of things about these section headings before I move on, and that is even— Though this is a literature review, you're still going to follow the same APA formatting principles of copying and pasting your title as the first-level section heading on your paper
22:47So, as you can see here, I've labeled this so you can see it
22:50My introduction is going to go in this first section, just as it always would
22:54Then, when it comes to level-one and level-two headings, I've chosen to use a level-one heading to demonstrate the problem because, to me, that deserves its own section
23:04Evidence is a subsection of the problem, so that's why I've created this as a level-two section heading
23:13Lastly, suggested solutions to this problem also deserve their own level-one heading because they're their own section
23:21Then, the conclusion is up to you
23:23You could either include it as a level-one heading, or I could bring it over to the left side and include it as a level-two heading
23:30So, now this turns into a fairly simple process of taking my summaries and putting them where they belong on my outline
23:38I'm going to disclaim this one last time, and that is for this demonstration, I'm pretty much going to be copying and pasting my full summaries into my outline
23:47When you do this on your own, you're not going to be copying and pasting all of the information from all of your summaries into your outline, because realistically, you're either not going to use all the information or you're going to need to rearrange some of it
24:00So, just keep that in mind
24:01But here we go
24:03This first section is the introduction
24:04I know I'm going to write that later, so let's start with the problem, which I have right here
24:09Let's go ahead and copy and paste that in there
24:13Next, I'm looking for the evidence summary to put in that section
24:15Here it is again
24:18Let's go ahead and copy and paste it
24:19There we go
24:24And now, lastly, we need to include the solution section
24:27I have two solutions here, and I think to myself, well, you know, these are both great, but I don't think I need to include the information for both of them
24:38So maybe I can combine these two into one paragraph, and that's exactly what I'm going to do
24:44When you're doing this on your own, you would think about which one logically makes sense to go first
24:49Where you would want to combine them in that paragraph for me, I know I'm going to start with this second solution first because I think it does a great job of introducing a solution to this problem overall
25:02So, let's go ahead and put that here first in my solution section
25:05Next, I'm going to scroll up here and grab the portion of this summary that I know I want to include in this paragraph
25:12Mind you, I'm going to shape these later, so right now I know these two connecting sentences don't make sense; that's where the transitions are going to come into play later
25:20Also, I know that I like the closing sentence from that first source better, so I'm going to use that to close out this paragraph
25:29And so, now that I have all of my..
25:31Let's proceed with shaping these paragraphs
25:34Okay, so let's go ahead and minimize this screen because now all we're focusing on is our literature review right here, and I want to make sure you fully see it
25:45So, here we go, I'm even going to increase it a little bit
25:47Okay, let's start with this first paragraph
25:49So, in regards to dieting, Brownell debunks two common assumptions
25:55Right now, this has a transition and an in-text citation, so this first sentence is fine
26:01I may have to rearrange it depending on what the last sentence in my introduction is, but again, I'm okay with that
26:08So, let's move on to the second sentence, which starts with "The first assumption is that" — freeze right there
26:16The first assumption is a transition because it is moving from what the first sentence is and it is guiding the reader that we're going to talk about these different assumptions, starting with the first one
26:26What I want to do is apply in-text citations to transitions to turn this into referring language
26:34So, the first object obsession, okay, so something I could include here to do that would be "the first assumption the author presents is that," with the right combination of diet and exercise, and so on and so forth
26:56As you can see, by adding "the author presents," it took this transition and referred it back to the in-text citation, letting the reader know
27:04I know that this information is still coming from Brownell
27:07Does that make sense? So, let's move on to the second sentence, which this one starts with the second assumption
27:14Again, we've got our transition; great
27:17We need to add in the referring language, and I'm going to use something other than "the author presents" to give my paper variety
27:25So, what I might choose to use this time is something that includes the author's last name
27:30I'm going to go back to Brownell discusses the second assumption
27:34Brownell discusses the rewards that a person is expected to receive as a direct result of obtaining a perfect body
27:39Great
27:44So, again, as you can see, we're transitioning and walking the reader through the information we're referring to
27:49Back to the source it came from, and I'm using variety in my paper
27:53Does that make sense? Let's move on to the next one
27:57Okay, so through extensive research, Brownell comes to the conclusion—guess what? That sentence is fine
28:02Awesome, and that may happen when you're writing out your summaries
28:06You may naturally include the correct language for a literature review
28:10Now, let's look at this last sentence: "This article contributes important data." Great, again we're fine there
28:16So, I would say we're finished with that paragraph, and now let's go ahead and move on to the next portion
28:23When you're transitioning from two paragraphs, you always first want to read the last sentence in the first paragraph to make sure that they're properly connected
28:31Linked together, so let's read through this
28:34I don't think there's a space there
28:35Okay, all right, so here we go
28:37This article contributes important data about the discrepancies people often have regarding the socio-cultural benefits of weight loss through dieting
28:46Miller (2020) recaps a story of Emma, an Irish woman who lost roughly 200 pounds over the course of a two-year period
28:53Well, I'm going to say right out the gate, those are two very strong sentences, but they are not linked together right now
28:58Therefore, I need to add a transition in front of my in-text citation here to connect these two paragraphs, and in order to do that, you simply need to ask yourself what's the relationship between these two sentences
29:12Well, again
29:14This one's a problem
29:16This one's posing evidence, therefore this is an example, so I'm going to use a transition that reflects that
29:18I might use "for example" or "for instance." Miller (2020) recaps the story of Emma
29:23Now, this makes sense
29:27Awesome, let's move on to the next sentence
29:30Let's see what we have here
29:31During the first year of her weight loss journey, Emma describes her weight loss as intoxicating
29:36Now, here's the thing: during the first year of her weight loss journey—that's a transition
29:40Emma, though, is the person in the story, so this isn't referring to the author of this article
29:45I need to add referring language right here, so I might add something like "Miller illustrates." So now, it might read something like, "During the first..." Year of her weight loss journey, Miller illustrates how Emma described her weight loss as intoxicating
30:00Alrighty, moving right along, our next sentence reads: however, the external praise quickly turned into a double-edged sword
30:09Excellent, we have the transition, but again, we need to add that referring language
30:13So, something you might add here would be: the story explains how the external praise quickly turned into a double-edged sword
30:22Awesome, our last sentence—I can tell right away it works because it already has the referring language in it—of this story
30:28Great, so now let's move on to the solutions portion, and this time we're going to work to combine two different sources together
30:35So, it's the same process, but instead of..
30:38Working with one source, we're molding two of them together
30:40All right, so starting with the first sentence, "Logo at all" suggests an alternative to dieting to solve the obesity problem
30:47I know, right out of the gate, we need to add in a transition here to link the two paragraphs together
30:53I already took the time to come up with one that I think would work here, so now it says, "Through the use of social psychological science," "logo at all," so on and so forth
31:03Now, moving on to the next sentence, we have, "The suggested alternative," which is an adequate transition because it links the second sentence to the first one, and it also has referring language
31:13We're good there
31:15Moving on down, all right, our next sentence is, "This article demonstrates the..." Importance — that sounds like a good referring transition to me
31:23Let's keep going
31:25All right, Kinsel 2021, that's a full-blown new in-text citation, so that's a cue to me that I need to connect these two sources together because they're not coming from the same place, and I need to make sure the reader understands that
31:37So, transitions 101: what do you need to do? You need to identify the relationship between these two different points
31:46I know that they're both examples; however, they're different examples
31:50So, I want to use a transition that falls in line with that
31:52I might type out something such as, "On the other hand, Kinsel 2021 takes a personal approach," so that lets the reader know that we're switching directions
32:04This is Another solution, it's another approach, but it's going to be different
32:08Okay, moving right along, the next sentence we have is "The reason being is that oftentimes." So let's change this to referring language; I might switch this out for something such as "Let's say the logic that Kinzell offers." Okay, I like it
32:27The logic Kinzell offers is that oftentimes, and so on and so forth
32:31Cool
32:35Moving on to the next one, I'm going to go ahead and type out the other two on my own because I want to explain the last sentence to you, and I understand this is probably getting pretty lengthy
32:38Okay, so here we are with that last sentence
32:40I just want to point out what I did, because if you remember, I took the concluding sentence from one source, but because there are two
32:48In this paragraph, I need to reflect that
32:51So, what I went ahead and did is added in the transition, with both perspectives taken into consideration
32:55Logan, at all, in Kinzel, pose solutions
32:58Let's take out that "a" and make it proper grammar
33:03As you can see, that concluding sentence wraps up this paragraph and emphasizes that there is more than one source included
33:10Okay, friends, we're almost there
33:11You just need to add an introduction and a conclusion, which I have already done for us
33:17There are a few things I want to point out for each one because I'm sure you have a few questions in mind
33:22So, let's start with the introduction
33:24Now, this is going to be just like any introduction, with a few minor differences
33:30Starting with the similarities, well, you're going to introduce your topic, and this is going to include any background information or context you may need for the reader to understand the rest of your paper
33:43Now, since my paper is short, there's really not much material in it
33:48My introduction is okay, getting by with a few short sentences
33:52 What also is the same is that, even though it's a literature review, it still needs to include a thesis statement
33:57What's different is that this thesis statement is probably going to include something like "literature review" or "review of literature," because just as a traditional thesis statement tells your reader what to expect, you need to let your reader know that
34:13What they're about to read is a literature review
34:16It's not your own personal research and information; it's your synthesis of other people's research
34:21So, for here, my best advice is to start with something, literally like the following literature review, and then explain what that literature review does
34:32And so, what this one does is it confirms that women who diet for weight loss experience issues closely associated with addictive behaviors that could potentially be avoided by shifting the focus to well-being rather than to achieving the ideal body
34:40Great
34:48Now, what you may not realize because you haven't read through my paper is that these points included in my thesis statement are the different points that I make in..
34:56These paragraphs in the sections of my paper, and so a good strategy is to include the different points your paper makes often in the order that your paper makes them
35:07I like to refer to this as a roadmap because basically you're telling your reader, "This is my paper, and here's the order you can expect to receive it." So, here's a roadmap starting with my introduction that’s going to guide you through the rest of my paper
35:23Now, moving down to the conclusion, keep that same logic in your mind because you can apply this to your conclusion as well, but in the reverse order
35:32As a rule of thumb, a safe way to start your conclusion is to restate the thesis statement, not verbatim — you're going to switch it around — but now I’ve
35:39Restated it, so let's see here
35:46The relentless search for the ideal body, combined with the external rewards women often receive as a product of weight loss, presents behaviors that are closely related to addiction
35:53This captures the essence of my thesis statement, but it's restated in a conclusion
35:59For the rest of your conclusion, you can end your paper by almost presenting that roadmap again, but in the reverse order
36:09And lastly, you usually want to end with a concluding statement
36:13Your concluding statement is simply going to be based on where your paper ends
36:19For my paper, it offers solutions, but those solutions are not exact
36:23In other words, I could suggest that further research needs to be done in order to… To fully understand this problem and develop a solution, that's an option as a concluding statement
36:33However, let's say your paper does provide an exact solution; you can include that solution right here
36:40If your paper doesn't offer a solution, you simply want to state your overarching conclusion that your paper has reached
36:46Okay, so I know we just covered a lot of ground, but let me quickly summarize what we just discussed before you go
36:53First, after completing that, you will have a nicely organized, outlined literature review that is presented in a logical order, making sense and flowing well
37:00Everything should use referring language, so the end result might look something like this
37:06Obviously, you have your..
37:13Reference list at the bottom of your page, which is super easy to make, especially if you have that annotated bibliography
37:20What I want to show you real quick is just a highlighted version of what we went over
37:26As you can see here, we have our thesis statement included in our introduction—check
37:29Moving on, we have our sources organized from the categorizing we did in the first steps of our research—check
37:39Awesome! We've created an outline for our paper because we chose a structure
37:45I chose to go thematic because I'm discussing a theme, looking for a problem and a solution, and giving evidence and examples that are based around this research topic
37:55So, that's thematic—awesome! Now, if you'll take notice, the blue is going to be..
38:03Transitions, and the yellow is referring to language, and so I wanted to separate them
38:06If you notice, they're next to each other because they're the same phrases, but that's what I meant by including the principles of transitions and in-text citations
38:17I'm not going to go through those because you walked with me through them, so I know you've probably had enough of that right now
38:23But I just wanted you to see it visually for those of you that are visual learners, so you can really grasp what we just did
38:29And then lastly, you have your conclusion
38:33We restated the thesis statement as our opening, and then we ended with that concluding statement, wrapping up our entire paper
38:42Alrighty, I wanted to pop back in here one more time
38:46I want to check on you because I know that there is a lot of material that we just covered, and so my hope is that you now have a full understanding of what a literature review is from video number one
38:57I hope you found this video useful, and that you can actually apply the principles and know how to do a literature review
39:02By the way, I appreciate when you guys comment down below, let me know what your questions are, let me know if this video is helpful
39:10Interact with this video somehow, give it a thumbs up
39:12All of that helps support this channel and keeps me going, and it's what allows me to do what I do
39:19So, thank you guys for being here
39:21Like I said, be sure to give this video a big thumbs up and subscribe to this channel for more videos like
39:26See you guys soon, every week.