00:00Most of what's come out of the crypto world has largely been crapto
00:01When anyone can create a token and pump the living hell out of it on social media, what did you expect to happen? However, lately the wind has been changing direction
00:10The dust has settled and what's emerging is of interest
00:12Arc Invest recently described stable coins as one of the most transformative and high growth sectors in the digital asset space
00:23Today, we're going to understand the mechanics of a stable coin, look at the most popular stable coins out there, think through the business model
00:30We're going to fully understand the stable coin investment thesis through the lens of an MBA, and that's not necessarily a good thing
00:38Here's what they don't tell you about business school
00:40You start looking for a job the moment your program starts
00:43A school is only as good as its network
00:46And perhaps the best thing about an MBA is that it's a legitimate excuse for a career pivot
00:50As you progress through your program, you realize that someone has always done something, well, everything really, better than you will ever be able to do it
01:00So, you quickly learn to leverage the hard work of others in exchange for a few quick platitudes, or as we call it, standing on the shoulders of giants
01:09So, with that said, I'd like to acknowledge the crack research team over at Arc Invest for the great work they did on their big ideas 2025 report
01:18These folks here did all the heavy lifting and we're going to amplify their efforts and share their knowledge with the masses and that's about all the recognition we're going to give them before shamelessly posting their findings as our own
01:31So Arc has described stable coins as one of the fastest growing segments in digital assets and they talk here about that being the case despite the 70 plus% decline in market capitalization
01:43Just pointing to the volatility in this segment and in crypto as a whole
01:47The decline of that volatility is what will should accompany institutional participation
01:54They talk here about the number of transactions on stable coins hitting 110 million monthly
01:58So that's less than 1% of those processed by Visa and Mastercard each
02:05But the stable coin value per transaction is much higher than that of Visa and Mastercard
02:10Now, I really like this slide because it talks about the four stable coin issuers that dominate
02:18And here's the key sentence, the revenue generated in digital assets
02:22Great
02:22Maybe now we can start to find some intrinsic value
02:24They talk about how Tether reported over $5 billion in profits during the first half of 2024
02:32They describe it as one of the most capital efficient businesses in history
02:37Now, I know you're asking, Joe, what's a stable coin already? So 98% of stable coin market cap today represents coins that are pegged to the US dollar
02:45So you give the issuer, let's say that's Tether or Circle, you give that issuer a dollar and they give you a crypto coin
02:52Now the intrinsic value of that coin is $1 because it's backed by a dollar
02:59Supposed to be backed by a dollar
02:59It's never more than that because the provider only owes you a single dollar
03:06Now, it might be less than that if the provider doesn't have a dollar to give you back
03:10So, you wouldn't buy these coins as an investment because they're simply just used for transactions in the crypto world
03:16However, you might invest in the platform provider
03:19And here's why
03:21So, if you look at Tether, everyone has given them $150 billion
03:24That's the market cap of their coin
03:27If they just loaned that $150 billion to the US government, they'd realize $7.5 billion a year in interest
03:35So that's a very profitable franchise
03:38It's why Arc described them as one of the most profitable businesses in history when you look at efficiency
03:43So what's of interest is that the second largest provider of stable coins, Circle, just went public
03:50And we wrote this piece on how Circle's IPO may be ushering in a golden era for stable coins
03:55And I think this chart pretty much says it all
03:59Taken from their S1 filing document here, you can see reserve income
04:02So that's the money, the $60 billion they've been given
04:06They're simply generating revenue income off that $60 billion
04:10And that makes up 99% of their revenues
04:13But the problem here is when you start to look at gross margin, it's not only declining, but it's dreadfully low for this sort of efficient business
04:22When we look at Tether and see how efficient they are, why can't Circle be as efficient? This 39% gross margin, that's absolutely pathetic
04:29And the reason for that is because they're giving a lot of money to Coinbase
04:33Now, you can read the article and understand all about that relationship
04:37But for those of you holding Coinbase stock, you can go into their financials and see the stable coin revenues that they're receiving, the cost of goods sold from Circle reflected in Coinbase financials
04:50So when we look at the top stable coins out there, the first thing you'll notice is that the top two, so Tether and USDC, that's from Circle
04:58These represent 85% of stable coin market cap
05:01So when you're talking about this space, most of that conversation is around two coins
05:07Now third on the list, Athena
05:07This isn't actually a dollarback stable coin
05:12We'll touch on that in a second
05:12Now Tether is 61% of all stable coin market cap
05:18And rumor has it they're actually going to be audited someday
05:20You'd think that's a pretty important task here
05:23This recent article from Payment says stable coin issuer Tether says audit of reserves is top priority
05:28Certainly hope it is
05:30Is this a stable coin or a stable con? Well, we've written about that
05:35Three or four years ago, we wrote about how this represents a massive systemic risk to the entire cryptocurrency industry
05:42So, we'll see what happens there
05:44Hopefully, everything pans out
05:46Now, CNBC also mimics ARC's bullish talking points about stable coins
05:50You see here, they say they should hit $2 trillion in the next 3 years
05:53So, they're a lot more optimistic than ARC is
05:57I think ARC puts it around $1.4 trillion by 2030
05:59So, if you would have $2 trillion in stable coins, that's a hundred billion run rate if you're getting 5%
06:07Now, that's going to be highly sensitive to interest rate fluctuations
06:12Now whenever you look at any sort of crypto assets very important you ask yourself where is this money coming from always ask that question and in this case it's coming from the yield off US treasuries here you can see this great chart from ARC showing the top foreign holders of US treasury securities and down there in that list you see tether and circle listed alongside foreign holders
06:33So as at the end of last year they ranked as the 20th largest holder of US treasury
06:38So they're certainly quite sizable at the moment
06:42So let's think this whole US dollarbacked stable coin business model through a bit
06:48So there's no barriers to entry for offering a stable coin
06:50So you'll see new VCbacked firms dabbling here
06:56You'll see notable firms like PayPal which is offering a stable coin
07:00So if Tether can be the leader, well anyone really can
07:02And Coinbase and Circle, the CEO of Coinbase said they're looking to displace Tether
07:07of course they would be right
07:09It pays to have the dominant stable coin and perhaps the easiest way to do that is simply passed through most of that reserve income
07:16So people are incented to hold these stable coins
07:21Now we see PayPal doing this among others especially smaller coins
07:25You see this piece here from CNBC out PayPal's introduced 3.7% yield on stable coin balances to boost payments activity of course and ARC points to this in one of the slides on their deck talks about how stable coins operating outside the US began to pass a significant portion of their interest income onto users
07:44These small yieldbearing stable coins are the fastest growing category in the stable coin market
07:48So you'll want to pay attention to that
07:50So this becomes a race to the bottom and they say that circle and tether will avoid as long as possible having to do that but eventually they'll probably break
07:58So everybody's going to be taking a less and less of a cut to try to capture market share
08:04And then you start to think about well what are other revenue streams that you could think up if you were the dominant stable coin out there
08:12And to answer that question you'd probably want to look at use cases
08:14And I think revenue streams are going to evolve based on changing use cases
08:18arc here in this slide points to how peer-to-peer transactions and storage account for 60% of USDC's usage
08:24Whilst some other use cases like bridges, decentralized exchanges, and money markets account for a much smaller fraction, but they expect those other use cases to retake market share from P2P
08:38So, that will be interesting to see how this goes
08:40But there's also other types of coins that will start to pop up
08:44You have cryptobacked coins
08:44I don't know why you wouldn't just buy the underlying there
08:48You have algorithmic coins, stable coins
08:50These are problematic
08:52I think example of a problem is when US collapsed
08:54So those are to be avoided
08:57They sound like a mess
08:58You have commoditybacked stable coin
08:59So again, just buy the underlying
09:02What's the point of holding this stable coin and having systemic risk from that provider? Now, one of the new stable coins that's popped up is this one from Athena Labs
09:12It's amassed $6 billion in just a single year
09:16And they say that despite criticism of its novel design
09:18Oh boy
09:21So you look at this chart and try to understand it
09:23It's really just a deltay neutral asset
09:25But my eyebrows certainly raised what I saw here
09:27It says can offer yields as high as 20 to 30%
09:29What did I say earlier? Always ask yourself where that money is coming from
09:34They go on to say the yield could turn negative in a bare market
09:37I bet a lot of other things could happen to this asset in a bare market
09:41So, you want to be very careful about these new fangled assets that are popping up
09:45When you look at the crypto scam revenue out there by subclass, there's so many crypto scams these days that they need to classify them, right? Kind of like a gicks for crypto scams and high yield investment trading
09:58So, that's where most of the scams originate from
10:00And it doesn't necessarily even mean they're malicious
10:04There's no such thing as a free lunch, right? So, everybody wants to believe there is
10:07Be careful out there
10:07And when you look at the different applications for blockchain as a whole, ARC had noted in their great report that the prediction markets have become the breakout consumer application in 2024
10:20Not everything is good, right? Look, if you're some big BSD whale out there and you want to hedge some tail risk, this stuff is maybe applicable for that, but this is basically gambling and they talk about how sports is the most important category
10:31Tell me exactly how your prediction market sports bets are helping complement your portfolio
10:35So just some parting thoughts here
10:37Stable coins have established a great deal of traction which is attracting the attention of institutions everywhere
10:45Now this reserve income business model is really a race to the bottom
10:47And I think platforms that offer stable coins
10:52You have Circle and Coinbase are the best way for retail investors to get exposure here
10:55Well, really the only way, right? The only pure play way
10:59Avoid snazzy investment vehicles that promise yield from nothing
11:02There's no such thing as a free lunch
11:04Always ask yourself where is this yield coming from? Now we continue to find Coinbase an attractive firm to invest in from a pick and shovel perspective when considering the cryptocurrency thesis
11:18Now we wouldn't be investing in Circle because of their funky relationship with Coinbase
11:22But tell us, will you be investing in Circle? And if so, why? Now I'm going to leave you with this deck we did on when crypto becomes crypto
11:29It's really eye opening
11:32I think that before you even dabble, start dabbling in this space, you ought to watch this and heed the warnings
11:38Thanks so much for taking the time to watch this today.